Glioblastoma: The biomarkers overview
Several biomarkers have been identified that can potentially indicate the presence of glioblastoma (GBM): Established Biomarkers 1. MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase): Methylation status of MGMT is a widely accepted biomarker that provides prognostic and predictive information[1]. 2. IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1): Mutations in IDH1, particularly R132H, are considered a favorable prognostic biomarker for GBM patients, especially in younger patients (18-45 years)[1]. 3. EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor): Amplification of EGFR is associated with GBM[6]. 4. TERT (Telomerase reverse transcriptase): Mutations and polymorphisms in the TERT promoter have been linked to GBM[6]. Emerging Biomarkers 5. MMP9 (Matrix metallopeptidase 9): Identified as a potential hub biomarker gene in GBM[4]. 6. POSTN (Periostin): Another potential hub biomarker gene in GBM[4]. 7. HES5 (Hes family BHLH transcription factor 5): Also identified as a potential hub biomarker gene[4]. 8. SNAP25 (Synaptosome Associated Protein 25): Significantly downregulated…



